Anaesthesia
Anaesthesia is a medical technique used to temporarily induce a state of unconsciousness or loss of sensation in a patient, allowing them to undergo surgery or other medical procedures without feeling pain or discomfort. There are several types of anaesthesia, each of which is administered and monitored by an anaesthetist or other trained medical professional.
Anaesthetic training
Becoming an anaesthetist in Australia requires extensive and rigorous training. In general, it takes around 12-16 years of education and training beyond high school to become a fully qualified anaesthetist.
The path to becoming an anaesthetist typically involves completing a five to six-year medical degree, followed by a minimum of two years of general hospital-based training. This is then followed by a highly competitive and intensive training program in anaesthesia, which can take a further five to seven years to complete.
During this training, anaesthetists gain extensive knowledge and expertise in managing patients who are undergoing surgery, and in providing sedation and pain relief to patients undergoing medical procedures.
Anaesthetists are responsible for monitoring the patient’s vital signs throughout the entire procedure, ensuring their safety and comfort, and managing any complications that may arise during the surgery or procedure. This requires extensive knowledge of pharmacology, physiology, and other medical disciplines.
Overall, the extensive training and expertise of anaesthetists in Australia means that patients can be assured that they are in safe hands when undergoing a surgical or medical procedure that requires anaesthesia. The safety of patients is always the top priority for anaesthetists, and they work tirelessly to ensure that their patients receive the highest quality care possible.
Types of Anaesthesia
General Anaesthetic
Spinal Anaesthetic
Epidural for Labour
Sedation Anaesthesia
Patient-controlled analgesia
Pediatric Anaesthetic
General Anaesthetic
There are many reasons why general anaesthesia may be used. It is commonly used for surgical procedures, particularly those that are more invasive or involve a greater amount of pain. It can also be used for diagnostic procedures, such as colonoscopies or endoscopies, where it is important for the patient to be completely still. However, as with any medical procedure, there are potential risks associated with general anaesthesia.
Globally over half a million people have surgery with general anaesthesia every single day.
Before the development of general anaesthesia, patients had to endure painful surgeries with little to no pain relief. But thanks to a public demonstration by a dentist in the USA 150 years ago, it was discovered that the anaesthetic drug ether could block pain during surgery.
Today, general anaesthesia a combination of drugs that helps make the experience more bearable for patients and makes surgery possible. During the surgery, general anaesthesia dulls pain, induces unconsciousness, and prevents movement.
While local and regional anaesthesia only numb specific regions of the body for a short period of time, general anaesthesia affects the entire body and is used for major surgeries where it’s important for patients to be unconscious during the procedure.
Some of the most common risks of general anaesthesia include:
Reaction to medications
Some people may have an allergic reaction to the medications used in general anaesthesia. Your healthcare team will carefully review your medical history to identify any allergies or sensitivities you may have and take steps to minimize any potential reactions.
Nausea and vomiting
Nausea and vomiting are common side effects of general anaesthesia. Your healthcare team will closely monitor you during the procedure and provide medication to prevent or treat these symptoms if needed.
Respiratory problems
General anaesthesia can affect your breathing, particularly if you have pre-existing respiratory problems such as asthma. Your healthcare team will closely monitor your breathing and provide additional oxygen or other treatments if needed.
Infection
In rare cases, infections can occur at the site where the medication is administered. Your healthcare team will take steps to minimize this risk, such as sterilizing the injection site and using sterile equipment.
Damage to teeth or soft tissues
If you have a breathing tube placed during the procedure, it can cause damage to your teeth, lips, or other soft tissues. It is common to have a sore throat for up to a few days after your anaesthetic. Your healthcare team will take steps to minimize this risk and provide appropriate follow-up care if any damage occurs.
Awareness
It is important to note that while rare, awareness during general anaesthesia is a potential risk. Awareness occurs when a patient is not completely unconscious during the procedure and may be able to hear or feel what is happening, despite being unable to move or communicate. Your healthcare team will take steps to minimize the risk of awareness, such as monitoring your brain activity and adjusting the medication as needed.
Severe Complications
Severe complications (including heart, lung, and brain complications, and death) of anaesthesia are extremely rare. Your anaesthetist is highly trained to prevent such complications from happening and to keep you safe and alive if they do happen.
If you have any concerns or questions about receiving general anesthesia, be sure to discuss them with your healthcare team. They are there to support you throughout the procedure and to ensure the best possible outcome for you.
Spinal Anaesthetic
A spinal anaesthetic is a type of medication that is used to numb the lower half of your body for surgery or other procedures. The medication is injected into your spinal canal, which is a space in your back that contains the nerves that go to your legs and other areas of your lower body.
Spinal anaesthetic can be used alone, or in conjunction with general anaesthesia or sedation. Your anaesthetist will discuss with you which is the best option for your situation.
Overall, spinal anaesthesia is a safe and effective way to provide pain relief during many different types of procedures. Your healthcare provider will carefully monitor you throughout the procedure to ensure your comfort and safety, and will work with you to minimize any risks. If you have any concerns or questions about spinal anaesthesia, don’t hesitate to discuss them with your healthcare provider.
Like all medical procedures, there are risks associated with a spinal anaesthetic, but these are generally rare and can be managed with proper care.
Some of the most common risks include:
Low blood pressure
Spinal anaesthesia can cause a drop in blood pressure, which can lead to dizziness, nausea, and vomiting. This is usually temporary and can be treated with medication.
Headache
Around 1 in every 100 people who have a spinal anaesthetic will get a headache. It occurs as a result of spinal fluid leaking out of the puncture site in the spine. The headache can range from mild to sever and can usually be treated with rest and medications.
Infection
As with any procedure that involves a needle, there is a risk of infection. The chance of infection is low, but it can occur if the needle or injection site is contaminated. Symptoms of an infection include fever, swelling, and pain at the injection site.
Nerve damage
Nerve damage as a result of spinal anaesthetic is extremely rate. Symptoms of nerve damage can include weakness, numbness, or tingling in the legs. In the worst case there may be weakness or paralysis of the lower limbs.
Allergic reaction
Although rare, some people may have an allergic reaction to the medication used in a spinal anaesthetic. Symptoms of an allergic reaction can include hives, itching, and difficulty breathing.
Failure
To perform a spinal anaesthetic, we must introduce a very small needle into a tiny space between your spine. Rarely are we unable find this space and are thus unable to do the spinal anaesthetic. Occasionally we find the space but the spinal doesn’t work. It is rare for this to happen but if it does your anaesthetist will discus the best option to proceed.
It’s important to remember that the risks of spinal anesthesia are generally low, and most people do not experience any complications. Your healthcare provider will carefully evaluate your individual health history and any risk factors you may have before deciding if a spinal anesthetic is appropriate for you. They will also take steps to minimize any risks and closely monitor you during the procedure to ensure your safety and comfort.
If you have any concerns or questions about spinal anesthesia, be sure to discuss them with your healthcare team. They are there to support you throughout the procedure and to ensure the best possible outcome for you.
Spinal Anaesthesia for Caesarean Section
If you are scheduled to have a caesarean section, your healthcare provider may recommend spinal anaesthesia. This is a type of medication that is injected into your spine to numb the lower half of your body, so you don’t feel any pain or discomfort during the procedure.
There are many reasons why a spinal anaesthetic is preferred for a caesarean section. It is very effective in providing pain relief which allows you to remain awake and aware of what is happening during the surgery. This can be reassuring for many women as they are able to communicate with their healthcare provider and witness the birth of their child.
Additionally, a spinal anaesthetic has a lower risk of complications compared to general anaesthesia, which involves being put to sleep. This can be especially important for women who have certain medical conditions or who are at a higher risk for complications during surgery.
It’s important to remember that spinal anaesthesia is a very safe and effective method of pain relief during a caesarean section. Your healthcare provider will carefully evaluate your individual health history and any risk factors you may have before deciding if a spinal anaesthesia is appropriate for you. They will also take steps to ensure your comfort and safety throughout the procedure. If you have any concerns or questions about spinal anaesthesia, don’t hesitate to discuss them with your healthcare provider. They are there to support you and your baby during this exciting time.
Like all medical procedures, spinal anaesthesia does have risks. It is important to remember that serious risks are very rare.
Risks can include:
Low blood pressure
A spinal anaesthesia can cause a drop in blood pressure, which can lead to dizziness, nausea, and feeling faint. Your healthcare provider will carefully monitor your blood pressure and may give you medication to prevent or treat low blood pressure if needed.
Nausea and vomiting
It is common to feel some nausea and/or vomiting during a caesarean section. It can come once, just after the spinal anaesthetic is done, and it can come in waves throughout the procedure. It is really important to tell your anaesthetist that you are starting to feel unwell, even if it is just a little.
Itching
Itching is a common side effect of a spinal anaesthesia. It occurs because the medication used in the spinal. While the itching can be uncomfortable, it usually goes away on its own within 6-12 hours. This can be treated. Notify your nurse if it is concerning you.
Post-dural puncture headache
In rare cases, a headache may occur after a spinal anaesthesia due to a leak of spinal fluid from the puncture site. This type of headache is called a post-dural puncture headache and can range from mild to severe. Your healthcare provider can prescribe medication to treat this type of headache if needed.
Nerve damage
Nerve damage as a results of a spinal anaesthetic is extremely rare. Symptoms of nerve damage can include weakness, numbness, or tingling in the legs. In the worst case there may be weakness or paralysis of the lower limbs.
Failure
To perform a spinal anaesthetic, we must introduce a very small needle into a tiny space between your spine. Rarely we are unable find this space and are thus unable to do the spinal anaesthetic. Occasionally we find the space but the spinal doesn’t work. It is rare for this to happen but if it does your anaesthetist will discus the best option to proceed.
It’s important to remember that the risks of spinal anesthesia for a Caesarean section are generally low, and most women do not experience any complications. Your healthcare provider will carefully evaluate your individual health history and any risk factors you may have before deciding if a spinal anesthesia is appropriate for you. They will also take steps to minimize any risks and closely monitor you during the procedure to ensure your safety and comfort.
If you have any concerns or questions about spinal anesthesia, be sure to discuss them with your healthcare team. They are there to support you throughout the procedure and to ensure the best possible outcome for you and your baby.
Epidural for labour
An epidural is a type of pain relief medication that can be administered during labor to help manage the pain and discomfort of childbirth. The medication is delivered through a small tube that is placed into the space around your spinal cord in your lower back. This numbs the nerves in your lower body, providing pain relief while still allowing you to be fully conscious and able to participate in the birth of your baby.
There are several reasons why an epidural may be used during labor. It can be particularly helpful for women who are experiencing a long or difficult labor, or who are undergoing a C-section. It can also provide a more comfortable birthing experience and help to reduce stress and anxiety during the process.
However, like any medical procedure, there are potential risks associated with receiving an epidural. Some of the most common risks include:
Low blood pressure
The medication used in an epidural can cause a drop in blood pressure, which can lead to dizziness, nausea, and fainting. Your healthcare provider will closely monitor your blood pressure during the procedure and may give you medication to prevent or treat low blood pressure if needed.
Nausea and vomiting
Some women may experience nausea or vomiting after receiving an epidural. Your healthcare provider can give you medication to help prevent or treat these symptoms.
Itching
Itching is a common side effect of an epidural. While the itching can be uncomfortable, it usually goes away on its own within a few hours.
Post-dural puncture headache
In rare cases, a headache may occur after an epidural due to a leak of spinal fluid from the puncture site. This type of headache is called a post-dural puncture headache and can range from mild to severe. Your healthcare provider can prescribe medication to treat this type of headache if needed.
Nerve damage
Although rare, nerve damage can occur with a spinal anaesthesia. The nerves in the spine can be damaged if the needle is not inserted correctly or if the medication is injected in the wrong location. Symptoms of nerve damage can include weakness, numbness, or tingling in the legs.
Failure
To perform an epidural anaesthetic, we must introduce a very small needle into a tiny space between your spine. Rarely are we unable find this space and are thus unable to do the epidural anaesthetic. Occasionally we find the space but the epidural doesn’t work at all or only works partially. It is rare for this to happen but if it does your anaesthetist will discuss the best option to proceed.An epidural anaesthetic can vary over time. If your epidural is no longer providing you with adequate pain relief, it is really important to talk to your healthcare provider (nurse/doctor) so they are able to make changes to your anaesthetic
It’s essential to remember that the serious risks of epidural anaesthesia are generally low, and most people do not experience any complications. Your healthcare team will carefully evaluate your individual health history and any risk factors you may have before deciding if general anaesthesia is appropriate for you. They will also take steps to minimize any risks and closely monitor you during the procedure to ensure your safety and comfort.
Sedation Anaesthesia
Sedation anaesthesia is a type of medication that is used to help you relax and feel drowsy during a medical procedure. It works by reducing your consciousness, but not putting you to sleep completely. This allows you to remain awake and able to respond to simple commands, but in a very relaxed state. Often you won’t remember what happens while under sedation.
Sedation is commonly used for diagnostic procedures, such as endoscopies, colonoscopies, or biopsies. It can also be used for minor surgical procedures that do not require full anaesthesia, such as pain procedures, dental work or plastic surgery. Sedation can also be used in combination with spinal anaesthesia for procedures like hip and knee replacements.
The benefits of sedation anesthesia are that it can help you feel more comfortable and relaxed during the procedure. It can also make the procedure easier for your healthcare team to perform, as you will be less likely to move or be in pain.
However, as with any medical procedure, there are potential risks associated with sedation anesthesia. Some of the most common risks include:
Respiratory problems
Sedation anaesthesia can affect your breathing, particularly if you have pre-existing respiratory problems such as sleep apnea or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Your healthcare team will closely monitor your breathing and provide additional oxygen or other treatments if needed.
Nausea and vomiting
It is rare to get nausea and vomiting with sedation. Please let your health care team know if you are feeling sick. Your healthcare team will closely monitor you during the procedure and provide medication to prevent or treat these symptoms if needed.
Allergic reactions
Some people may have an allergic reaction to the medications used in sedation anesthesia. Your healthcare team will carefully review your medical history to identify any allergies or sensitivities you may have and take steps to minimize any potential reactions.
Changes in blood pressure and heart rate
Sedation anesthesia can affect your blood pressure and heart rate, particularly if you have pre-existing heart problems. Your healthcare team will closely monitor your vital signs and provide medication to stabilize your blood pressure and heart rate if needed.
Delayed recovery
In rare cases, some people may experience delayed recovery from sedation anesthesia, meaning it takes longer than expected for the effects to wear off. Your healthcare team will closely monitor you during and after the procedure to ensure that you are recovering as expected.
If you have any concerns or questions about receiving sedation anesthesia, be sure to discuss them with your healthcare team. They are there to support you throughout the procedure and to ensure the best possible outcome for you.
Patient-controlled analgesia
Patient-controlled analgesia (PCA) is a pain management technique that is extremely safe and empowers patients to control their own pain relief after surgery. With PCA, patients can self-administer doses of pain medication through a device that is connected to their IV line. This allows them to manage their pain more effectively and efficiently, leading to a quicker and more comfortable recovery.
When patients use PCA, they have more control over their pain management. They can press a button on the PCA device to deliver a pre-set dose of pain medication when they feel they need it, rather than waiting for a nurse to administer pain medication on a set schedule. This means that patients can manage their pain before it becomes severe, leading to better pain control and a faster recovery.
PCA is also beneficial because it can reduce the risk of side effects associated with other forms of pain management. Since patients can control their own pain medication, they are less likely to receive too much or too little medication, which can lead to complications. Additionally, patients are more likely to be satisfied with their pain management when using PCA, which can lead to a better overall experience during their hospital stay.
If you have any concerns or questions about patient-controlled analgesia be sure to discuss them with your healthcare team. They are there to support you throughout the procedure and to ensure the best possible outcome for you.
Pediatric Anesthesia
When it comes to children and medical procedures, the topic of anaesthesia can be a cause for concern and worry for parents and caregivers. However, it’s important to know that paediatric anaesthesia is a highly specialized and tailored approach to ensure a child’s comfort and safety during medical procedures.
Paediatric anaesthesia is administered by highly trained and experienced anaesthetists that specialize in working with children. They consider a child’s age, weight, medical history, and the type of procedure to develop a personalized anaesthetic plan. The goal is to ensure the child’s comfort, minimize pain and discomfort before, during and after the procedure, and reduce the risk of any adverse side effects.
One important aspect of paediatric anaesthesia is the use of child-friendly language and techniques to help ease anxiety and fear. The anaesthetist will explain the procedure in age-appropriate language and use techniques like play therapy to help the child feel more comfortable and at ease.
During the procedure, the anaesthetist will closely monitor the child’s vital signs, such as heart rate, blood pressure, and oxygen levels, to ensure their safety. They will also use the latest technology and equipment to deliver the anaesthesia in the safest and most effective way possible.
After the procedure, the anaesthetist will continue to monitor the child and ensure that they are comfortable and pain-free. They will work with the child’s healthcare team to develop a pain management plan that considers the child’s unique needs and medical history.
Overall, paediatric anaesthesia is a highly specialized and tailored approach to ensure a child’s comfort and safety during medical procedures. Parents and caregivers can rest assured that their child is in the hands of highly trained and experienced professionals who prioritize their well-being.
If you have any concerns or questions about pediatric anesthesia, be sure to discuss them with your healthcare team. They are there to support you throughout the procedure and to ensure the best possible outcome for you.
Anaesthetists keep you safe while you sleep
Specializing in anaesthesia care, pain management, and critical care